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目的:探讨LoHi训练法对运动员运动能力的影响机制,为LoHi训练法在运动实践中的应用提供理论和实践依据。方法:对15名优秀游泳运动员进行2周的LoHi训练,分别于训练前后进行气体代谢、力竭性递增负荷运动能力测试;在训练的整个过程中进行5次专项有氧能力的测试。结果:2周LoHi训练后,①男运动员VO2max、VO2max/kg、Vemax和O2-plusemax显著提高(P<0.05),女运动员无显著性变化(P>0.05);②力竭性递增负荷运动后,男女运动员运动后的Bla均非常显著的下降(P<0.01～0.001),男女间无性别差异(P>0.05);同时运动后Bla的下降率表现为逐渐升高的趋势;③力竭性递增负荷运动中,男运动员Wmax提高了12.7%(P<0.01),女运动员则提高了6.12%(P>0.05);Tmax男子提高17.7%(P<0.05),女子提高7.44%(P<0.05);④男运动员在2周LoHi训练过程中运动成绩呈升高趋势,Bla呈逐渐下降趋势,训练后7d运动成绩最好,Bla却下降51.9%(P<0.01);女运动员在训练过程中运动成绩和Bla均呈下降趋势,训练后7d运动成绩最高,18d下降,但Bla均明显低于训练前(P<0.01)。结论:两周LoHi训练提高了运动员对负荷的适应能力,特别使运动员的一般有氧能力和专项有氧能力得到明显改善;同时,女运动员对缺氧的适应能力明显低于男子,表现出明显的性别差异。
Objective: To explore the mechanism of LoHi training on the athletic ability of athletes, and to provide theoretical and practical evidence for the application of LoHi training in sports practice. Methods: Fifteen excellent swimmers were given LoHi training for two weeks. Gas metabolism and exhaustive increase of exercise load were performed before and after training. Five times of aerobic exercise were tested during the training. Results: After 2 weeks of LoHi training, ①VO2max, VO2max / kg, Vemax and O2-plusemax increased significantly in male athletes (P <0.05), but no significant changes in female athletes (P> 0.05) (P <0.01 ~ 0.001). There was no gender difference between men and women (P> 0.05). The descending rate of Bla after exercise was gradually increased. ③ Exhaustion Male athletes increased by 12.7% (P <0.01) and female athletes increased by 6.12% (P> 0.05), Tmax increased by 17.7% (P <0.05) and women increased by 7.44% (P <0.05) (P <0.01); ④The male athletes showed a higher trend of sports performance during LoHi training in 2 weeks, while Bla decreased gradually. After 7 days of training, the performance of sports was the best, while Bla decreased by 51.9% (P <0.01) The results of exercise and Bla showed a downward trend. The results of exercise were highest on the 7th day and decreased on the 18th day after training. However, Bla was significantly lower than those before training (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: LoHi training for two weeks improved the adaptability of athletes to load, especially the general aerobic capacity and aerobic capacity of athletes were significantly improved. At the same time, the adaptability of female athletes to hypoxia was significantly lower than that of men, showing obvious The gender difference.