Objective:To investigate the possible relationship between deletion of MTS/p16 gene and progression of endometrial carcinoma. Methods: Forty-six primary endometrial carcinoma, 7 tumor-adjacent endometrial tissue, 10 normal endometrial tissue specimen and 5 xenografts from patients with endometrial carcinoma were examined for homozygous deletion of MTS/p16 gene by polymerase chain reaction-based analysis. Results: Of 46 endometrial cancer specimens, 9 showed homozygous deletion, no deletion was detected in the tumor-adjacent and normal endometial tissues. Nor was it detected in well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma and all xenografts. Conclusions: Deletion of MTS1/p16 gene might contribute to the progression of endometrial carcinoma and could be served as indicator for predicting prognosis.