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黄檗(Phellodendron amurense)为我国二级国家重点保护野生植物,在北京地区黄檗多散生于阔叶林中,数量稀少,为了解北京地区黄檗种群的年龄结构和空间分布特征,促进种群扩繁,在北京百花山、松山和雾灵山自然保护区共设置了12个20 m×20 m的样地,从种群的径级结构、静态生命表、空间分布格局等3个方面分析了黄檗种群的数量特征与空间分布格局。结果表明:1)黄檗幼龄期个体数较多,中龄期个体数相对稳定,老龄期个体数量稀少,倒“J”的径级结构表明黄檗种群总体属于增长型种群;但局部小种群的径级结构组成比例差异很大。2)在整个黄檗种群的静态生命表中有3个死亡率高峰,第一个是从幼树阶段至小树阶段,第二个是从小树阶段至大树阶段,第二阶段死亡率最高,第三个是大树阶段的末期;3)黄檗空间分布格局总体为集群分布,在不同发育阶段的分布格局受其生物学、生态学特性以及种群发展过程中种内、种间关系的影响呈现出不同的分布格局。因此,调整局部种群的径级结构,采取促进黄檗小树集群分布的措施是促进其种群扩大的重要环节。
Phellodendron amurense, a second-grade national key protected wild plant in China, was born in broad-leaved forests in Beijing with a sparse population. In order to understand the age structure and spatial distribution of Phellodendron amurense population in Beijing and to promote the population expansion, A total of 12 plots of 20 m × 20 m were set up in Baihuashan, Songshan and Wusiling Mountain Nature Reserves. The population characteristics of the populations were analyzed from three aspects: diameter structure, static life table and spatial distribution patterns Spatial distribution pattern. The results showed as follows: 1) There were more individuals in the young age, the number of individuals in the middle age was relatively stable, and the number of individuals in the aging age was scarce. The diameter structure of “J” showed that the population of P. przewalskii belonged to the growing population. The composition of the size structure of the population varies widely. 2) There are 3 peaks of mortality in the static life table of the whole HuangBo population. The first one is from sapling stage to small tree stage, the second is from small tree stage to big tree stage, the second stage is the highest death rate, The third is the end of the big tree stage. 3) The spatial distribution patterns of Phellodendron amurense are cluster distribution, and their distribution pattern at different development stages is influenced by their biological and ecological characteristics as well as the intraspecies and interspecies relationships in the process of population development A different distribution pattern. Therefore, adjusting the pathological structure of local populations and adopting the measures to promote the distribution of the tree species in the tree is to promote the expansion of its population.