原发性纵隔恶性肿瘤的发生率为5%～12.6%,主要是恶性胸腺瘤、恶性畸胎瘤和恶性神经源性肿瘤,少见的纵隔恶性肿瘤包括甲状腺癌、淋巴瘤、脂肪肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤以及血管瘤等。纵隔肿瘤病人的预后决定于病变的性质和手术切除的彻底性。良性肿瘤有包膜,可完整摘除,术后无复发,预后良好。恶性肿瘤有时不能切除或不能完全切除,术后可复发或转移, The incidence of primary mediastinal malignancies is 5% to 12.6%, mainly malignant thymomas, malignant teratomas, and malignant neurogenic tumors. Uncommon malignant mediastinal tumors include thyroid cancer, lymphoma, liposarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. And hemangiomas. The prognosis of patients with mediastinal tumors depends on the nature of the lesion and the thoroughness of the surgical resection. Benign tumors are enveloped, can be completely removed, there is no recurrence after surgery, and the prognosis is good. Malignant tumors sometimes cannot be resected or cannot be completely removed and can relapse or metastasize after surgery.