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[目的]了解全国2004~2007年伤寒副伤寒暴发疫情的流行病学特征及暴发原因,为预防控制伤寒副伤寒暴发疫情提供科学依据。[方法]用描述流行病学方法对全国2004~2007年伤寒副伤寒暴发疫情资料进行统计分析。[结果]2004~2007年全国共报告77起伤寒副伤寒暴发疫情,发病4 863例,死亡3例,波及人数6 393 908,罹患率为76.05/10万,伤寒暴发疫情31起,副伤寒暴发疫情46起。暴发时间主要集中在5～9月,以农村和学校为主,流行菌型以甲型副伤寒为主(61.33%)主要原因是卫生设施缺乏、水源和食品污染。[结论]全国伤寒副伤寒暴发疫情以饮用水污染引起为主(53.25%),其次为食源性(23.38%),应加强重点人群如学生、工人、民工、农民的主动监测,提高确诊率,及早发现和控制传染源,对预防控制伤寒副伤寒至关重要。
[Objective] To understand the epidemiological characteristics and causes of outbreaks of typhoid and paratyphoid outbreaks in China from 2004 to 2007, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of typhoid and paratyphoid outbreaks. [Methods] Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of typhoid fever and paratyphoid outbreaks in China from 2004 to 2007. [Results] A total of 77 outbreaks of typhoid and paratyphoid fever were reported in China from 2004 to 2007, including 4 863 cases and 3 deaths, affecting 6 393 908, with an attack rate of 76.05 / 100 000, 31 typhoid outbreaks, and 3.1 outbreaks of paratyphoid fever 46 outbreaks. The main outbreak time was from May to September, mainly in rural areas and schools. The main cause of the outbreak was Typhoid (61.33%) mainly due to the lack of sanitary facilities, water sources and food contamination. [Conclusion] The epidemic situation of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in China is mainly caused by drinking water pollution (53.25%), followed by food-borne (23.38%). Active surveillance should be strengthened for key populations such as students, laborers, migrant workers and peasants to improve the diagnosis rate , Early detection and control of sources of infection, prevention and control of typhoid fever is paramount.