论文部分内容阅读
以进化程度不同的三种类型大豆四个品种配制的三种杂交组合F_2至F_4代为材料,采用系谱法、摘荚法及5％、10％、25％入选率的混合选择法按共同目标进行定向选择,以比较不同处理方法的选择效应及其对主要农艺性状的影响。结果表明:(1)在野生或半野生组合中,摘荚法或25％混合选择法选的材料成熟略晚2～3日,平均百粒重较小;而在栽培组合中系谱法或5％混合选择法选的材料有成熟略晚、种粒较大倾向。25％混选法或摘荚法选的材料植株较高,其次是10％混选法,5％混选法及系谱法入选材料较矮。在半野生组合中,采用10％混选法易于选取株高适宜、主茎节数多的大粒型材料。植株抗倒伏性的选择效果与株高相似。炸荚性不是一个难以克服的性状,各种选择方法的选择效果均十分相近。产量性状的选择效果差异不显著。在半野生组合中,10％、25％混选法及摘荚法选的材料蛋白质含量较高。(2)摘荚法及25％混选法选的材料性状变异较大,其次为10％混选法。(3)生育期、株高、抗倒伏性及百粒重的实际遗传进度均以系谱法、5％及10％混选法较大,产量性状的遗传进度差异不明显。由此可见,不同选择处理方法对不同组合类型材料的不同性状选择效果不尽相同,因此针对不同杂交组合类型材料的不同性状应运用不同的选择方法及选择强度。
Three hybrid combinations F_2 to F_4, which were prepared from four varieties with different degrees of evolution, were used as materials. The methods of genealogy, podding and hybrid selection of 5%, 10%, 25% Targeted selection was made to compare the selection effects of different treatments and their effects on major agronomic traits. The results showed that: (1) In the wild or semi-wild combinations, the materials selected by the podding method or the 25% mixed selection method matured a little later than 2-3 days with the average 100-grain weight less; % Mixed selection method selected material is slightly late mature, larger tendency seed. 25% mixed selection method or pod selection material plant higher, followed by 10% mixed selection method, 5% mixed selection method and the pedigree selected materials shorter. In the semi-wild combination, the 10% mixed selection method is easy to select the large grain material with suitable plant height and main stem number. Plant lodging resistance selection effect and plant height similar. Fried pod nature is not an insurmountable trait, the choice of various options are very similar effects. The selection of yield traits showed no significant difference. In semi-wild combinations, 10%, 25% mixed selection method and pod selection material protein content is higher. (2) The material traits of picking podding method and 25% mixed selection method vary greatly, followed by 10% mixing method. (3) The actual genetic progress of growth period, plant height, lodging resistance and 100-grain weight were all based on the method of genealogy. The 5% and 10% selection methods were relatively large, and the genetic progress of yield traits was not obvious. Therefore, different selection methods have different effects on the selection of different traits of different combinations of materials, so different selection methods and selection intensities should be applied to different traits of different hybrid combinations.