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目的:探讨早产儿脑室周围-脑室内出血(peri/intraventricular hemorrhage,PIVH)的发生率及影响因素。方法:对2011年1月1日至2011年12月31日在徐州市妇幼保健院住院的1 079例早产儿于生后48～72 h做头颅B超检查,用列联表法调查早产儿PIVH发生率与胎龄、出生体重和窒息之间的关系。结果:(1)2011年全年该院早产儿PIVH发生率为63.3%,其中Ⅰ级546例(79.9%),Ⅱ级122例(17.9%),Ⅲ级15例(2.2%)。大部分病例没有临床表现。(2)随着胎龄、出生体重和Apgar评分的降低,PIVH的发生率升高(P<0.01)。34～36 w、31～33 w和28～30 w三组早产儿PIVH发生率分别为60.6%、66.7%和75.0%;体重大于2 500 g、1 500～2 500 g和小于1 500 g三组早产儿PIVH发生率分别为56.2%、65.0%和80.2%;无窒息组和轻度窒息组早产儿PIVH发生率分别为57.2%和82.0%,重度窒息组高达88.9%。结论:(1)早产儿PIVH发生率高,建议所有早产儿应早期监测头颅B超。(2)早产儿PIVH发生率与胎龄、出生体重和窒息密切相关。
Objective: To investigate the incidence and influential factors of peri / intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) in preterm infants. Methods: A total of 1 079 premature infants hospitalized in the MCH hospital in Xuzhou City from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011 were examined by B-ultrasound at 48 to 72 hrs after birth. Preterm infants PIVH incidence and gestational age, birth weight and asphyxia relationship. Results: (1) The incidence of PIVH in preterm infants was 63.3% in 2011, of which 546 (79.9%) were grade Ⅰ, 122 (17.9%) were grade Ⅱ and 15 (2.2%) were grade Ⅲ. Most cases have no clinical manifestations. (2) The incidence of PIVH increased with gestational age, birth weight and Apgar score (P <0.01). The incidences of PIVH in preterm infants of 34-36 w, 31-33 w and 28-30 w were 60.6%, 66.7% and 75.0%, respectively; the body weight was greater than 2 500 g, 1 500-2 500 g and less than 1 500 g tris The incidence of PIVH in preterm infants was 56.2%, 65.0% and 80.2%, respectively. The incidence of PIVH in premature infants without asphyxia group and mild asphyxia group was 57.2% and 82.0% respectively, and 88.9% in severe asphyxia group. Conclusion: (1) The incidence of PIVH in preterm infants is high, it is recommended that all preterm infants should be monitored early B ultrasound. (2) The incidence of PIVH in preterm infants is closely related to gestational age, birth weight and asphyxia.