为了解小儿急性肺炎中流感嗜血杆菌(HI)的致病情况,采用经鼻深插气管吸痰检测呼吸道病原(培养、碱性磷酸酶抗碱性磷酸酶法、PCR法)。结果:329例病儿中分离出致病菌83株,HI20株(24.1％),占首位。发病年龄:<1岁55％,<3岁90％。临床症状以混合病毒感染者重,出现高热、寒战或抽搐。耐药率不低于25％,选用对产β-内酰胺酶强杀菌力的头孢呋辛治疗有效。提示:在婴幼儿细菌性肺炎中HI为第一病原,<3岁是主要感染人群,耐药率接近国外报道。治疗上应根据临床结合药物敏感试验结果,选用对耐药菌株敏感的抗生素。 To understand the pathogenesis of Haemophilus influenzae (HI) in children with acute pneumonia, nasal deep pus tube sputum was used for detection of respiratory pathogens (culture, alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase, PCR). Results: There were 83 pathogenic bacteria isolated from 329 children with HI20 (24.1%), accounting for the first place. Age of onset: <1 year old 55%, <3 years old 90%. Clinical symptoms are mixed virus infection, fever, chills or convulsions. Drug resistance rate of not less than 25%, the choice of producing strong antibacterial β-lactamase cefuroxime effective treatment. Tip: HI in infants with bacterial pneumonia as the first pathogen, <3 years of age is the major infectious population, the resistance rate close to foreign reports. Treatment should be based on clinical trials with drug sensitivity results, the selection of resistant strains of antibiotics sensitive.