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对0.6 mm厚AZ31B镁合金板的液压成形过程进行了数值模拟和试验。研究了试件的厚向应变特点,探讨了液压力P、压边力Q、凸模圆角半径rp等对拉伸试件壁厚差的影响。结果表明,在径向推力充液拉深时,获得的试件壁厚最均匀,在P=12 MPa、r_p=5 mm、Q=3 kN时,可得到更好的最小壁厚差值Δt_(min);在机械-液压拉深时,壁厚均匀性最差,仅当取r_p=4 mm时,可获得相对好的Δt_(min);试件最小壁厚出现在距圆板中心约8 mm处,整个试件底部均发生变薄,且变薄量最小的位置出现在距中心约6 mm处而非底部中心;将r_p=2 mm改成r_p=5 mm时,试件的壁厚分布较均匀,底部厚度最大值、壁厚最小值和中心厚向应变点的位置分别从离中心大约5、8、12 mm处转移到大约4、7、10 mm处。
The hydroforming process of 0.6 mm thick AZ31B magnesium alloy plate was numerically simulated and tested. The thickness-strain characteristics of the specimen were studied. The effects of hydraulic pressure P, blank holder force Q and punch radius rp on the thickness difference of tensile specimens were discussed. The results show that the wall thickness of specimens obtained is the most uniform in the radial thrust liquid-filled drawing. The better minimum wall thickness difference Δt_ can be obtained at P = 12 MPa, r_p = 5 mm and Q = 3 kN (min). In the case of mechanical-hydraulic drawing, the uniformity of wall thickness is the worst. Only when taking r_p = 4 mm, a relatively good Δt_ (min) can be obtained. At 8 mm, the bottom of the entire specimen was thinned and the position with the least thinning appeared at about 6 mm from the center rather than the bottom center. When r_p = 2 mm was changed to r_p = 5 mm, the wall of the specimen Thicker distribution is more uniform, and the locations of the bottom thickness maximum, the wall thickness minimum and the center thickness strain point shift from about 5,8,12 mm from the center to about 4,7,10 mm respectively.