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选取黄麻属(Corchorus)2个栽培品种及其4个野生类型和3个野生近缘种为材料,采用常规根尖压片法对黄麻属供试材料的染色体数目和核型进行研究。结果表明:染色体数目均为2n=14。核型公式分别为:宽叶长果(长果黄麻栽培种)2n=2x=14=14m(4SAT);南阳野生长果(长果黄麻野生类型)2n=2x=14=14m(2SAT);坦桑尼亚野生长果(长果黄麻野生类型)2n=2x=14=2M+12m;闽麻5号(圆果黄麻栽培种)2n=2x=14=12m+2 sm;爱店野生圆果(圆果黄麻野生类型)2n=2x=14=14m;廉江野生圆果(圆果黄麻野生类型)2n=2x=14=4M+10m;假黄麻(黄麻属野生近缘种)2n=2x=14=2M+12m;假长果(黄麻属野生近缘种)2n=2x=14=2M+12m;甜麻(黄麻属野生近缘种)2n=2x=14=14m。其中除了宽叶长果核型分类为1B外,其他的都为1A型。同时,还讨论了黄麻野生近缘种甜麻的分类学地位。
Two cultivars of Corchorus, four wild type and three wild relatives were selected as materials. The chromosome number and karyotype of the tested material were studied by the conventional tip compression method. The results showed that the number of chromosomes was 2n = 14. The karyotype formulas are as follows: 2n = 2x = 14 = 14m (4SAT); 2n = 2x = 14 = 14m (2SAT) in Nanyang wild fruit; 2n = 2x = 14 = 2M + 12m; 2n = 2x = 14 = 12m + 2 sm for Fujian Mama 5 (round jute cultivars) 2n = 2x = 14 = 14m; 2n = 2x = 14 = 4M + 10m; 2n = 2x = 14 for wild Juglans sibiricum (wild type Juglans regia) = 2M + 12m; hypocotyl (jute wild relatives) 2n = 2x = 14 = 2M + 12m; sweet hemp (jute wild relatives) 2n = 2x = 14 = 14m. Among them, in addition to wide-leaved fruit karyotype classification 1B, the other are 1A type. At the same time, the taxonomic status of jute wild relatives was also discussed.