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目的了解哈尔滨市城区儿童忽视状况及其相关因素,为制定相应的干预措施和政策提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对哈尔滨市城区8所幼儿园1 048名3～5岁儿童的家长用“中国3～6岁城区儿童忽视状况评价问卷”进行问卷调查。结果哈尔滨市3～5岁城区儿童总忽视率为34.9%,各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.724,P<0.05);忽视总分和忽视度分别为92.1,33.7,各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(F=7.818,P<0.05);男、女忽视率分别为33.7%和36.3%(χ2=0.637,P>0.05),忽视总分和忽视度男童分别为93.8,34.4,女童分别为90.4,33.1,性别间差异均无统计学意义。单因素分析显示,影响儿童忽视的危险因素有家庭气氛、养育者的气质类型及近1 a孩子主要与谁一起生活。Logistic回归分析显示,影响儿童受到忽视的因素有家庭氛围、近1 a孩子主要与谁一起生活。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,影响儿童忽视度的因素有家庭氛围、养育者的气质类型。结论哈尔滨市城区3～5岁儿童忽视率较高,应重视家庭气氛、养育者气质等方面对儿童忽视的影响。
Objective To understand the status of children neglect in Harbin urban area and its related factors, and to provide the basis for formulating the corresponding interventions and policies. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey the parents of 1 048 children aged 3 to 5 years from 8 kindergartens in Harbin City using the Questionnaire on the Evaluation of Neglect of Children 3 to 6 Years Old in Urban China. Results The total neglect rate of children aged 3 ~ 5 years in Harbin was 34.9%, with significant difference among all age groups (χ2 = 9.724, P <0.05). The neglect score and the degree of neglect were 92.1 and 33.7 respectively, (F = 7.818, P <0.05). The male and female neglect rates were 33.7% and 36.3% respectively (χ2 = 0.637, P> 0.05). The boys who ignored the total score and neglected degree were 93.8% 34.4 and girls were 90.4 and 33.1 respectively. There was no significant difference between the sexes. Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors affecting children's neglect were the family atmosphere, the temperament types of the breeders and the main children with whom they lived in the past 1 year. Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors that neglected the children were the family atmosphere, and the children who lived mainly with whom in the recent 1 years. Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the factors that affect children's neglect are the family atmosphere and the type of temperament of the breeders. Conclusion The children with 3 ~ 5 years old in urban area of Harbin have a high neglect rate, and they should pay attention to the influence of children's ignorance on the family atmosphere and breeder's temperament.