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目的了解湖南省尘肺病新发病例分布情况,提出防治对策。方法将湖南省《尘肺病报告卡》数据由职业病网上直报系统导入Excel软件系统并进行统计分析。结果湖南省2006—2010年新报告尘肺病共7 312例,不同年份呈总体增加趋势,2010年新报告病例最多(37.65%);男性占绝大多数(99.16%);患病年龄主要集中在40岁～、50岁～组(73.41%);发病工龄在5年～、10年～、15年～、20年～新发病例较多,共5 456例(74.62%);地区分布居前3位依次是邵阳市1 945例(26.60%)、娄底市1 583例(21.65%)和常德市810例(11.08%);私有经济企业新报告病例最多(49.86%);行业分布居前3位的分别是煤炭开采和洗选业5 399例(73.84%),有色金属矿采选业651例(8.90%),卫生及社会保障和社会福利业531例(7.26%);工种分布居前3位分别是主采煤工2 584例(35.34%)、主掘进工1 483例(20.28%)和凿岩工743例(10.16%)。结论应针对湖南省重点行业、重要工种、高发地区开展尘肺病防治工作,以有效控制尘肺病的发生。
Objective To understand the distribution of new cases of pneumoconiosis in Hunan Province and to propose prevention and treatment measures. Methods The “Pneumoconiosis Report Card” data from Hunan Province were imported into Excel software system from online reporting system of occupational diseases and analyzed statistically. Results A total of 7 312 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Hunan Province in 2006-2010, showing an overall increasing trend in different years. In 2010, the number of reported cases was the highest (37.65%); the majority of men (99.16%); the age of illness mainly concentrated in 40 years old ~ 50 years old ~ group (73.41%); the length of service was 5 years ~ 10 years ~ 15 years ~ 20 years. There were 5 456 cases (74.62% Among them, 1,945 (26.60%) were in Shaoyang, 1 583 (21.65%) in Loudi and 810 (11.08%) in Changde; 3 were newly reported by private economic enterprises (49.86%); 3 Among them, 5 399 (73.84%) were coal mining and washing, 651 (8.90%) were non-ferrous metal mining and dressing, and 531 (7.26%) were health and social security and social welfare. 3 of them are 2 584 (35.34%) of the main coal miners, 1 483 (20.28%) of the main excavators and 743 (10.16%) of the rock drills respectively. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis should be carried out in key industries, important types of work and high incidence areas in Hunan Province so as to effectively control the occurrence of pneumoconiosis.