1982年,美国威斯康星大学的研究人员在研究成人学习进程这一项目时,曾经做了这样一个有趣的实验。研究人员将一批成人学员组成了两支保龄球队。经过短暂的训练后,两队进行了几场比赛,结果互有胜负,难分上下。研究人员将全部比赛的过程都录了下来,并将录像带分别提供给两支队伍,以便他们能借助录像带来提高自己的球技。所不同的是,分发给两支队伍的录像带采用了不同的编辑方法:第一支球队得到的录像带所展现的全是他们在比赛中的失误和糟糕的表现,而第二支球队得到 In 1982, researchers at the University of Wisconsin conducted such an interesting experiment while studying the adult learning process. Researchers will be a group of adult students formed two bowling team. After a short training, the two teams played a few games, the results of each other’s outcome, hard to distinguish from top to bottom. The researchers recorded the entire race and provided the videotapes to two teams so that they could use video to improve their skills. The difference is that the video distribution to the two teams uses a different editing method: the first team’s video shows all their mistakes and bad performances in the game, while the second team gets