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目的了解贵州省黔西南州麻疹流行病学特征,探讨麻疹防控策略,为实现消除麻疹目标提供依据。方法根据中国疾病预防控制信息系统的疾病监测信息报告管理系统和麻疹监测专报系统数据对黔西南州2014年麻疹疫情监测数据进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2014年全州实验室确诊麻疹66例,麻疹发病率18.59/100万;无麻疹死亡病例发生;病例涉及全州7个县(市、区)的35个乡(镇、办事处)的63个行政村(居委会),麻疹发病呈散发;经流行病调查及实验室检测证实首次发现的输入性病例B3基因型麻疹病例1例;发病高峰为4-6月和11-12月;9~19岁(13例),高于其他年龄组,呈现2个发病年龄高峰;全部病例中,无明确含麻疹成分疫苗免疫史的占80.30%;3起麻疹暴发,2起发生在城区,1起发生在农村。结论 2014年黔西南州麻疹成分疫苗接种率偏低,应在开展好麻疹类疫苗的常规免疫工作的同时,加强医院内感染和输入性病例的监测以及疫情发生后的规范处置工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Qianxinan Prefecture of Guizhou Province and to explore the strategy of measles prevention and control so as to provide the basis for the goal of eliminating measles. Methods Epidemiological analysis of 2014 measles epidemic surveillance data in Qianxinan Prefecture based on the data of disease surveillance information report system and measles surveillance system in China CDC was conducted. Results In 2014, 66 cases of measles were confirmed by Quanzhou Laboratory, the incidence of measles was 18.59 / 1 million; the death without measles occurred; the cases involved 35 townships (towns and offices) in 7 counties (cities and districts) of the whole country An administrative village (neighborhood), the incidence of measles were distributed; confirmed by epidemiological investigation and laboratory tests for the first time found in imported cases of B3 genotype measles cases; peak incidence of 4 - 6 months and 11-12 months; 9 ~ 19 years old (13 cases), higher than the other age groups, showing two peak age of onset; in all cases, no measles vaccine immunization history accounted for 80.30%; 3 cases of measles outbreak, 2 cases occurred in urban areas, 1 Occurs in the countryside. Conclusions In 2014, the immunization coverage rate of measles in Qianxinan Prefecture was low, and routine immunization of measles vaccine should be carried out. At the same time, the surveillance of hospital infection and imported cases should be strengthened and the standardized treatment after epidemic situation should be strengthened.