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我国是乙型肝炎高流行地区,乙肝病毒表面抗原携带者约1亿人。乙型肝炎病毒感染主要发生在婴幼儿期。携带乙型肝炎病毒的母亲将病毒直接传染给婴儿是最重要的传播途径之一。新生儿感染乙型肝炎病毒后,85％以上成为慢性携带者,婴幼儿期感染后约30％成为慢性携带者。为此,卫生部发布了《全国乙肝疫苗免疫接种实施方案》,将乙肝疫苗接种逐步纳入计划免疫管理之中,并从1992年1月1日起,在全国婴幼儿中推行乙型肝炎疫苗免疫接种工作。实施方案中规定了具体的接种方法:
China is a high prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus surface antigen carriers about 100 million people. Hepatitis B virus infection occurs mainly in infancy. A mother carrying a hepatitis B virus is one of the most important routes of transmission of the virus to the baby. More than 85% of newborns become chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus infection, and about 30% of infants after infection become chronic carriers. To this end, the Ministry of Health issued the “Implementation Plan of National Hepatitis B Vaccine Immunization Program” and gradually included hepatitis B vaccination into planned immunization management. Since January 1, 1992, hepatitis B vaccine immunization has been implemented in infants and children across the country Vaccination. The implementation plan provides for specific methods of inoculation: