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将金属套管看成理想导体，其中传输的电磁波为导行波．由于井内流体存在导电损耗，无论工作频率是高还是低，电磁波沿井轴的传输既有幅度衰减，又具有波动性质，已不存在严格的截止频率概念．图３参２
The metal casing as an ideal conductor, which is the transmission of electromagnetic waves as the leading wave. Due to the conductive loss of fluid in the well, no matter whether the operating frequency is high or low, the transmission of the electromagnetic wave along the shaft axis has both the amplitude attenuation and the fluctuating property, and there is no strict concept of the cut-off frequency. Figure 3 Reference 2