达里诺尔湿地水环境和鱼类多样性调查V.达里湖的鱼类多样性及其持续健康发展

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达里湖是达里诺尔湿地的重要组成部分.根据2019年达里湖鱼类多样性调查的结果,研究了达里湖鱼类物种资源、种类组成和区系生态类群多样性以及物种分布特征,分析了达里湖鱼类多样性的形成机制及其与水体盐碱化的关系,探讨了达里湖鱼类多样性的动态及其持续健康发展途径.研究结果表明,2019年,达里湖中有鱼类2目3科12属12种,由5个区系生态类群构成,包括冷水种5种、中国特有种2种和经济鱼类2种;鱼类群落中鲤形目和刺鱼目的物种数分别占91.67%和8.33%,鲤科(Cyprinidae)、鳅科(Cobitidae)和刺鱼科(Gasteroste-idae)的物种数分别占达里湖中鱼类总物种数的50%、41.67%和8.33%.只有耐盐碱的5种鱼类在达里湖全湖水域都有分布,其它7种鱼类仅分布于湖区的河口水域,而且随着湖泊水体不断盐碱化和萎缩,达里湖中鱼类的栖息地和繁殖生境的适宜性都在降低,鱼类物种减少的潜在风险在加大,基于生态保护的鱼类栖息地与繁殖生境的适宜性建设和加强鱼类资源增殖与物种移殖,将是未来达里湖鱼类多样性持续健康发展的重要途径.
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