酶活性除了受离子条件、辅助因子、别构效应和抑制剂调节外,在许多例子中,酶活性还受到共价修饰的调节,可能修饰作用有多种,包括磷酸化、甲基化、乙酰化、磺化、核糖化和腺苷化作用等,一般认为,修饰程度是由2个对抗性的酶的活力支配的。就像在磷酸化作用中的蛋白激酶和蛋白磷酸酶。在七十年代中期Caban和Ginsburg结论性地表明大肠杆菌的谷氨酰胶合成酶的腺苷化和去腺苷化是由一个酶完成的。此酶为ATP:谷氨酰胺合成酶 In addition to ion conditioning, cofactors, allosteric effects, and inhibitor regulation, in many cases, enzyme activity is also regulated by covalent modifications. There may be many modifications, including phosphorylation, methylation, and acetylation. It is generally believed that the degree of modification is dictated by the viability of the two antagonistic enzymes, such as sulphonation, sulphonation, ribosylation, and adenylation. Like protein kinases and protein phosphatases in phosphorylation. In the mid-1970s, Caban and Ginsburg concluded that the adenylation and deadenosylation of glutamylgluten synthetase in E. coli is accomplished by an enzyme. This enzyme is ATP:glutamine synthetase