俄国生理学家巴甫洛夫说:“应当先学会观察再观察。不学会观察,你就永远当不了科学家。”那么,在物理教学中如何帮助学生进行观察呢?一要加强目的性。扣紧问题和目标进行观察。比如教师演示一个内燃机模型,究竟要观察什么呢?目的就是弄清内燃机怎样使汽油在气缸里燃烧使内能转化为机械能,而且能使这个过程持续不断的进行下去。只有扣紧这个问题,才能理解其工作原理,掌握其工作流程。二要抓住特征。现象常常是纷繁复杂、变化万端 Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, said: “You should learn to observe and observe first. You can never be a scientist unless you learn to observe it.” So how do you help students to observe physics teaching? Catch problems and goals for observation. For example, a teacher demonstrates an internal combustion engine model and what should be observed? The purpose is to understand how the internal combustion engine burns gasoline in the cylinder to convert the internal energy into mechanical energy and enables the process to continue. Only by fastening this issue can we understand its working principle and master its workflow. Second, we must grasp the characteristics. Often the phenomenon is complicated and varied