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对四川省南充市仪陇县二点叶蝉及其所传播的玉米鼠耳病的田间消长规律以及玉米受害后的产量损失状况进行了研究。结果表明:温度低于16℃时,玉米不发病;28℃和31℃时玉米鼠耳病的潜伏期较短,分别为4·85和4·64d。在高、中、低3个海拔高度上,玉米鼠耳病的田间消长动态受二点叶蝉种群发生动态的影响,并于5月下旬至6月上旬达到最大病情指数,分别为5·75、10·97和9·09。玉米的生长和产量均受到玉米鼠耳病发生程度的影响,随着该病病级的上升,玉米株高、地面直径、穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、穗粒重及千粒重均相应下降。通过二元线性回归方程对玉米单穗籽粒重损失率作通径分析,表明在玉米的产量构成中,千粒重下降是导致产量损失的主要因子。
This paper studied the field growth and decline of two-leafhopper and its propagated maize wallaby ear disease in Yilong County, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, and the yield loss after maize damage. The results showed that maize was not affected when the temperature was lower than 16 ℃. The incubation period of maize ear was 28.5 and 4.64 days at 28 ℃ and 31 ℃, respectively. At the three altitudes, high, medium and low, the dynamics of the growth and decline of maize wallaby ear disease was affected by the population dynamics of two-leafhopper and reached the maximum disease index from May to early June, which were respectively 5.75 , 10 · 97 and 9 · 09. The growth and yield of maize were affected by the occurrence of maize ear disease. With the disease grade increasing, the plant height, the diameter of the ground, the spike length, the ear diameter, the spike grain number, the spike weight and the 1000-grain weight all decreased . Through the binary linear regression equation for corn single ear weight loss rate for path analysis, indicating that the composition of corn yield, grain weight loss is the main factor leading to yield loss.