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目的 探讨儿童期自发性颅内出血的发病率、病因、临床特点及诊断治疗。方法 通过对 44例患儿的临床分析 ,尤其是CT和脑血管造影所见 ,以阐明其特点。结果 儿童期自发性颅内出血病因以脑动静脉畸形 (AVM )多见 ,占 2 5 / 44。临床特点主要表现为头痛、呕吐、意识障碍、抽搐和偏瘫。出血部位多在脑叶 ,占 2 3/ 44。数字减影脑血管造影 (DSA)是确定病因最有效的方法。血肿清除加AVM切除术是有效的治疗方法。结论 AVM是儿童期自发性颅内出血的主要原因 ,DSA是确诊AVM的可靠方法。
Objective To investigate the incidence, etiology, clinical features and diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in childhood. Methods The clinical analysis of 44 children, especially CT and cerebral angiography findings, to clarify its characteristics. Results The etiology of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in childhood was more common in cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM), accounting for 25/44. The main clinical manifestations of headache, vomiting, disturbance of consciousness, convulsions and hemiplegia. Bleeding site mostly in the lobar, accounting for 2/44. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the most effective way to determine the cause. Hematoma removal plus AVM resection is an effective treatment. Conclusions AVM is the main reason of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in childhood. DSA is a reliable method to diagnose AVM.