流行病学调查是最基本的疾病预防和控制活动之一,它描述了疾病监测、出生死亡监测和伤害事件监测等一系列健康相关事件的出现频率和特征,其结果往往以率的形式来进行描述、比较和分析。流行病学家Doll指出“由于目前病例收集系统 Epidemiological surveys, one of the most basic disease prevention and control activities, describe the frequency and characteristics of a series of health-related events such as disease surveillance, birth and death monitoring and monitoring of injury events, the results of which tend to occur in rates Describe, compare and analyze. The epidemiologist Doll pointed out ”due to the current case collection system