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清朝和德川幕府在初建时期均把握了对方的国情和国策,即清初中国缺乏海上扩张的实力和意向,而日本则以闭关锁国卫护国家的统一。由此两国都采取相对保守的外交政策。与此同时,由异族作为最高统治者的清初中国,传统的“夷夏之辨”观念失去它在政治意识形态中的应有地位。而江户时代的日本,由于强烈意识到满清入主中原建立了全国性的政权并统治了中国,原有的“夷夏之辨”
In the early days of the Qing dynasty and the Tokugawa shogunate, they both grasped each other’s national conditions and policies. That is, China lacked the strength and intention to expand at sea in the early Qing Dynasty, while Japan closed the door to guard the unity of the country. As a result, both countries adopted relatively conservative foreign policies. At the same time, the concept of “traditional Chinese” in the early Qing Dynasty with aliens as the supreme ruler lost its due status in political ideology. In the period of Edo, Japan, as a result of its strong awareness of the establishment of a nationwide power and control of China by the Manchus entering the Central Plains, the original “identification of Yi Xia”