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京津冀地处我国黄河流域优势棉产区北界,棉花产业在全国占有十分重要的地位。近年来京津冀棉花种植面积呈下降趋势,主要原因是棉花的种、管、收等作业环节仍靠人工作业,劳动强度极大,产出效率过低,植棉效益不高。结合京津冀棉花主产区亚区布局和自然条件,总结了各棉花种植亚区现有的不等行距、等行距、棉麦套种等棉花种植模式和农艺特点,调研了京津冀棉花种植机械化技术发展现状和机具类型,分析了该区域棉花种植机械化技术最新需求和发展趋势,提出了棉花栽培模式改进、配套机械化技术研究和新型机具研发等发展建议。依据河北省棉花产业技术体系具体任务要求,开展了适合于该地区的棉花播种多功能联合作业机的研发、试验和示范工作,多款新型播种机通过了技术鉴定,推动了京津冀地区棉花种植机械化技术的发展。
Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province is located in the northern boundary of China’s Yellow River basin dominant cotton production, the cotton industry occupies a very important position in the country. In recent years, the area under cotton planting in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has been on a downward trend. The main reason is that the operation of planting, pipeting and harvesting of cotton still rely on manual work, which leads to great labor intensity, low output efficiency and low efficiency of cotton planting. Combining with the layout and natural conditions of the sub-regions of major cotton producing areas in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, this paper summarized the existing cotton planting patterns and agronomic characteristics such as unequal row spacing, Mechanization technology and the type of machine tools. The latest demand and development trend of cotton planting mechanization technology in this region are analyzed. Some suggestions on the improvement of cotton cultivation mode, the mechanization of supporting technology and the research and development of new machinery are put forward. According to the specific requirements of the cotton industry technology system in Hebei Province, we carried out research and development, testing and demonstration work of the multi-functional cotton joint planting machine suitable for cotton planting in this area. A number of new planters passed the technical appraisal and promoted the cotton production in the areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Development of mechanization of planting.