前言锰结核是一种洋底矿物,含有锰、铁、铜、镍、钴等三十多种有用元素。其中尤以锰的含量最高,故称锰结核。锰结核主要分布在水深4,000——6,000米的洋底或海山区域,储量极大。据估计仅太平洋底就蕴藏着一万六千亿吨以上的锰结核,并且每年自生600万吨。近十几年来,锰结核做为一种潜在的矿物资源引起了各国的重视,有的国家已在大洋底部开始了锰结核的勘探和开采。虽然锰结核的储量相当可观,但是并不是任何一个海域都可作为矿 Foreword Manganese nodules are ocean floor minerals that contain more than thirty useful elements such as manganese, iron, copper, nickel and cobalt. In particular, the highest content of manganese, it is said that manganese nodules. Manganese nodules are mainly located in the ocean bottom or seamount area with a depth of 4,000 to 6,000 meters and have very large reserves. It is estimated that there are over 600 billion tons of manganese nodules on the Pacific Ocean alone and 6 million tons per year. In the recent ten years, manganese nodules have attracted the attention of all countries as a potential mineral resource. Some countries have started the exploration and exploitation of manganese nodules at the bottom of the oceans. Although the reserves of manganese nodules are considerable, not every single sea area can be used as a mine