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【目的】探讨2007-2011年厦门市5岁以下儿童死因流行特征,为制定预防控制策略提供科学依据。【方法】对厦门市卫生机构2007-2011年通过全国疾病监测系统报告的5岁以下儿童死亡数据进行流行特征分析。【结果】2007-2011年死亡率呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=92.68,P<0.01)。新生儿、婴儿、1～5岁及5岁以下儿童死亡率‰分别为1.76‰、3.02‰、1.13‰和4.13‰。前3位死因死亡率分别为围生期(1.40‰)、出生缺陷(0.87‰)和伤害(0.44‰),合计构成比为65.53%。男性死亡率(4.81‰)显著高于女性(3.42‰)(χ2=23.57,P<0.01)。乡村死亡率(5.59‰)显著高于城镇(3.75‰)(χ2=36.42,P<0.01)。地市级综合医院是最主要就诊医疗单位。【结论】围生期、出生缺陷和伤害是2007-2011年厦门市5岁以下儿童的重要死因,婴儿期最为严重,有关部门可以针对性地采取预防措施。
【Objective】 To explore the epidemiological features of the cause of death among children under 5 years old in Xiamen City from 2007 to 2011, and to provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control strategies. 【Method】 The epidemiological analysis was conducted on the death data of children under 5 years old reported by the National Health Surveillance System from 2007 to 2011 by the National Disease Surveillance System. 【Results】 The mortality rate increased from 2007 to 2011 (χ2 trend = 92.68, P <0.01). The mortality rates of newborns, infants, children 1 to 5 years old and children under 5 years were 1.76 ‰, 3.02 ‰, 1.13 ‰ and 4.13 ‰, respectively. The first three causes of death were perinatal (1.40 ‰), birth defects (0.87 ‰) and injuries (0.44 ‰), the total constituent ratio was 65.53%. Male mortality (4.81 ‰) was significantly higher than that of females (3.42 ‰) (χ2 = 23.57, P <0.01). The rural mortality rate (5.59 ‰) was significantly higher than that of urban areas (3.75 ‰) (χ2 = 36.42, P <0.01). City-level general hospital is the most important medical treatment unit. 【Conclusion】 Perinatal, birth defects and injuries are the major causes of death in children under 5 years of age in Xiamen during 2007-2011. The most serious infants are infant and the relevant departments can take preventive measures accordingly.