中毒型痢疾(简称毒痢)是夏秋季常见的急性重症肠道传染病。2～7岁儿童多见,成人亦可发生。本病起病急,病情变化快,若诊断处理不及时,则可危及生命。1958年前,病死率高达20～30％,其后,由于加强了病情观察,作到早期诊断及鉴别,不断改进治疗方法,使病死率目前已降至1％左右。为了作好本病的抢救,及早明确诊断及鉴别十分重要。本文就其诊断及鉴别作一扼要介绍。 Poisoned dysentery (referred to as poison dysentery) is a common acute and severe intestinal infectious diseases in summer and autumn. 2 to 7 years old children more common, adults can also occur. The onset of acute disease, rapid changes in condition, if the diagnosis and treatment is not timely, it can be life-threatening. Before 1958, the case fatality rate was as high as 20% to 30%. Since then, due to the strengthened observation of the disease, early diagnosis and identification were made, and the treatment method was constantly improved so that the case fatality rate has now dropped to about 1%. In order to make this disease rescue, early diagnosis and identification is very important. This article gives a brief introduction of its diagnosis and identification.