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通过膜孔灌测坑试验,研究了灌溉定额对玉米生育期土壤水氮分布及产量的影响。结果表明,不同灌溉定额的土壤含水率在土壤表层随生育期的变化很大,随着土层深度的增加,变化幅度减小。对比同一深度处各生育期中的土壤含水率,灌溉定额1575 m3hm-2的处理在0~60 cm土层差异显著;灌溉定额2100 m3hm-2的处理在0~50 cm土层含水量差异较大;灌溉定额2625 m3hm-2的土壤含水率分布较均匀。不同灌溉定额的土壤硝态氮在0~60 cm土层均随着生育期推进而减小,60 cm以下随生育期推进而增加。灌溉定额对收获后表层土壤硝态氮含量影响不明显,对下层土壤硝态氮含量影响较大;灌溉定额大的处理土壤下层的硝态氮含量增加较多,易对地下水造成影响。试验条件下,玉米生育期中灌溉定额2100 m3hm-2的产量和水分生产效率均最高。
The effects of irrigation quota on the distribution of soil water and nitrogen and the yield of maize during growing period were studied by using the hole perfusion test. The results showed that the soil moisture content of different irrigation quotas varied greatly with the growth period of the soil surface, and decreased with the depth of the soil. Comparing the soil water content in different growth stages at the same depth, the irrigation quota of 1575 m3hm-2 was significantly different in 0-60 cm soil layer. The water content of 0-100 cm soil layer with irrigation quota of 2100 m3 hm- The irrigation water quota of 2625 m3hm-2 is more uniform. The soil NO3 - N in different irrigation quotas decreased with the growth period at 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer and increased with the growth period under 60 cm. Irrigation quota had no significant effect on the nitrate nitrogen content of the topsoil after harvest, but had a significant effect on the nitrate nitrogen content of the lower soil layer. The nitrate nitrogen content in the lower layer of the irrigation quota increased more, which easily affected the groundwater. Under the experimental conditions, the yield and water production efficiency of the irrigation quota of 2100 m3hm-2 during the growth period of maize were the highest.