近代中国和普鲁士的最初官方往来是1861年通商条约的签订。汉语文献对这一过程的描述较为简略,学者的相关研究也付之阙如,德语文献里则有当事人的详细记载和官方考察报告的正式表述。本文即以德语文献为依据,试图勾勒出中普通商条约的全过程,进而分析清廷以及总理衙门大臣与普鲁士人交往的心态及其对外认识的水平。 The initial official exchange between China and Prussia was the signing of the Treaty of Trade in 1861. The Chinese literature describes the process more briefly, and scholars do not pay enough attention to it. In the German literature, there is a detailed account of the parties and an official statement of the official inspection report. This article is based on the German literature, attempting to outline the whole process of the Treaty of Ordinary Commerce, and then analyze the attitude of the Qing court and the Prime Minister Yamen’s contacts with the Prussians and their level of foreign understanding.