流式细胞仪(FCM)是一种对单细胞进行快速定量分析和分选的新技术,能同时对一个细胞测量多参数,并能从多种混合细胞中分选出一种细胞,本文就FCM的发展及其应用原理和范围作了较为详细的描述。另外亦就其测量的细胞的DNA、RNA含量变化、倍体异常度及细胞表面抗原的表达对正常细胞和肿瘤细胞的判断意义作了概述。本文还对FCM在小儿血液肿瘤,尤其是小儿白血病方面的基础研究和临床应用作了较为系统的阐述。 Flow cytometry (FCM) is a new technique for rapid quantitative analysis and sorting of single cells. It can simultaneously measure multiple parameters of a single cell and can sort out one cell from multiple mixed cells. The development of FCM and its application principle and scope have been described in more detail. In addition, the determination of normal cells and tumor cells in terms of their measured DNA, RNA content changes, ploidy abnormalities, and cell surface antigen expression were summarized. This article also made a systematic exposition of basic research and clinical application of FCM in children with hematological neoplasms, especially in children with leukemia.