在人类生息的地球上,能直接影响人类安全的灾变,可以分为三类,自然灾变、生态灾变和社会灾变。任何一类灾变往往与另外两类灾变相关或并发。而三类灾变是立足于人类安全而提出的文化概念,为此,人类对灾变的理解中必然打上价值判断的烙印。从终极意义上讲,作为生物属性的人类,为了谋求生命的延续与发展,都具有趋利避害的 On the earth where mankind is born, catastrophes that can directly affect human security can be divided into three categories: natural catastrophes, ecological catastrophes and social catastrophes. Catastrophes of any kind are often associated with or concurrent with two other types of catastrophes. The three types of catastrophe are based on the concept of human security and culture proposed for this reason, human understanding of catastrophe inevitably put on the mark of value judgments. In the ultimate sense, as human beings with biological attributes, in order to pursue the continuation and development of life, they all have advantages and disadvantages