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人类近现代史上最具意义的里程碑非工业革命莫属。工业革命不仅改变了人类的生产方式,生产工具也有了空前飞跃,同时,她还毫不留情地把雄踞东方的第一文明大国从王者宝座上踢了下去。在欧洲孕育工业革命之时,尽管大清皇帝们非常喜爱西方钟表、珐琅彩、数学等,但只是把这些当作奇技淫巧之术来对待,而近现代科技带来的生产力进步却令封建统治走向瓦解。以工业生产总量为例,18世纪中国的工业产量占世界的32%,欧洲各国加在一起也只有23%。而到了甲
The most significant milestone in the modern history of mankind is none other than the non-industrial revolution. The Industrial Revolution not only changed mankind's mode of production but also made an unprecedented leap in production tools. At the same time, she mercilessly kicked off the first civilized power in the East from its throne. At the time of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, although the Qing emperors loved western clocks, enamels, maths and so on, they only treated them as the art of genius and trickery, and the productivity gains brought by modern science and technology have made Feudal rule toward disintegration. Taking the total amount of industrial production as an example, China's industrial output accounted for 32% of the world in the 18th century and only 23% of the European countries combined. And to a