以通常有性方法繁殖的鱼类人工雌核发育仔代,可用遗传失效的精子和成熟的卵子受精而获得。在此种情况下,以精子迫使卵细胞发育。卵细胞的发育只在雌性染色体控制下进行,并仅出现雌核发育的仔代。用高剂量同位素射线照射(辐射雌核发育)或用化学诱变剂处理(化学雌核发育)可使精子遗传失效。当用遗传失效的精子使卵受精时,发生的仔代基本上是无生命力的单倍体,同时也有规律的、少量的出现一些正常的二倍体鱼苗——雌性染 Artificial gynogenesis in fish, which is usually sexually reproduce, can be obtained by fertilization of genetically disabled sperm and mature eggs. Under such circumstances, sperm cells are forced to develop. The development of egg cells is only under the control of female chromosomes, and only the progeny of gynogenesis appear. Sperm can be genetically disabled by exposure to high doses of isotope radiation (radiation gynogenesis) or chemical mutagenesis (chemical gynogenesis). When eggs are fertilized with genetically disabled sperm, the resulting offspring are essentially non-viable haploid, with regular, small amounts of normal diploid fry - feminine