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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, typically composed of MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs), MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), and MAPKs (MPKs), are highly conserved signaling modules that regulate various biological processes in plant development and stiress response.The MAPKKK family in plants is divided into two subfamilies: MEKK-like and Raf-like kinases.The MEKK-like kinases are known to activate the downstream MAPK modules through sequential phosphorylation (Meng and Zhang 2013).In contrast, the mechanism of Raf-like MAPKKKs in the regulation of MAPK cascades is not fully understood.