难治性贫血和白血病前期(以下简称白前)是以红细胞、中性粒细胞及血小板的减少为特征,常发生于较年长者的一组血液综合征。其细胞减少是由于受累的细胞系的骨髓增生低下和/或无效造血引起。病情进展缓慢,无特殊治疗,几个月或数年后,一部分病人转化为急性非淋巴细胞白血病(ANLL),但是大多数病人并未发生明显的白血病,而是死于贫血、出血或感染。作者将这种血液学综合征分为三组。第一组相当于隐袭型白血病(Smoul- Refractory anemia and pre-leukemia (hereinafter referred to as pre-white) is based on the reduction of red blood cells, neutrophils and platelets, often occurs in the older group of blood syndrome. Its reduction is due to low myeloproliferation and / or ineffective hematopoiesis in the affected cell line. The disease progressed slowly and without special treatment. A few months or years later, some patients turned to acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), but most patients did not develop any obvious leukemia but died of anemia, hemorrhage or infection. The authors divided the hematology syndrome into three groups. The first group corresponds to Smoul-