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薄板拉深成孔是利用硬质合金无刃钻头与板材间旋转摩擦生热,然后钻头向下运动使板材发生塑性变形从而在薄板上加工出孔深远大于板厚的孔的一种工艺。该工艺是一种无屑、无冷却液的绿色加工工艺。在成孔过程中,硬质合金钻头受热、摩擦很严重,所以,研究钻头磨损是一个与薄板拉深成孔加工工艺密切相关的重要课题。本文利用超景深三维显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析仪对钻头的磨损进行了试验研究分析。研究结果表明,钻头不同部位磨损量不同,钻头锥形区的磨损最严重,在拉深成孔中钻头与工件之间的一些元素发生明显的相互扩散,粘结磨损、氧化磨损也同时发生,直接影响钻头的性能,导致钻头主要工作区的硬度发生了变化,试验前测钻头硬度为91.6HRA,成孔试验后钻头的最低硬度降至75.5 HRA。
Sheet metal deep drawing is the use of hard alloy bladeless rotary friction between the board and the heat, and then down the drill bit to plastically deform the plate so that the processing of holes in the sheet is far greater than the thickness of the hole hole a process. This process is a green, chip-free, coolant-less machining process. During the process of forming holes, the hard alloy bit is heated and the friction is very serious. Therefore, studying the bit wear is an important issue that is closely related to the deep drawing and forming process of the sheet metal. In this paper, using the depth of field 3D microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analyzer drill bit wear and tear were studied. The results show that different parts of the drill have different amounts of wear and the drill cone has the most serious wear. Some of the elements between the drill and the workpiece are obviously inter-diffused, the bonding wear and the oxidation wear occur at the same time. Directly affect the performance of the drill bit, resulting in changes in the hardness of the main work area of the drill bit. The hardness of the drill before testing is 91.6 HRA, and the minimum hardness of the drill bit after drilling test is reduced to 75.5 HRA.