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在美国,受技能危机日益严峻、大学教育的弊端屡遭诟病等因素影响,对学徒制与高等职业教育相联系的探索方兴未艾。国家层面的注册学徒制——学院合作联盟、企业开发的“升级版”学徒制项目等一系列探索活动出现。这些探索活动的成功经验包括需求驱动和行业企业主导、多边合作平台发挥重要作用、区域多边协作网络成为可持续发展的有效载体等等。针对发展环境、人才培养模式、治理体系三方面,我国的现代学徒制建设可从美国经验中获取启示。
In the United States, due to the increasingly serious skill crisis and the criticism of the disadvantages of university education, the exploration of the connection between apprenticeship and higher vocational education is on the rise. At the national level, a series of exploration activities have emerged, including the apprenticeship system of colleges and institutes, the college cooperation alliance, the “upgraded version” apprenticeship projects developed by enterprises. The successful experiences of these exploration activities include the demand-driven and industry-led enterprises, the multilateral cooperation platform plays an important role, the regional multilateral cooperation network as an effective carrier of sustainable development and so on. In view of the development environment, the mode of personnel training and the system of governance, China’s modern apprenticeship system can gain enlightenment from the American experience.