“全面二孩”政策在提高人口出生率、补充社会劳动力、延缓老龄化进程、促进生产力可持续发展等方面具有重要意义，但短期内出生儿童数量的迅速增加和伴随而来的出生缺陷风险必然进一步加剧儿科资源短缺。本文概述了目前儿科学教育中存在的问题，并针对问题提出改革建议，期望缓解“全面二孩”政策下儿科医疗资源供需矛盾。“,”The “universal two-child” policy plays an important role in increasing the birth rate, supplementing the social workforce and stimulating the productivity. However, the shortage of pediatric resources seems more and more severe with the increased neonates and birth defects. The present report summerized the main problems in the whole process of pediatric education and advanced several improvements, which may be promising to relieve the shortage of pediatric resources caused by the “universal two-child” policy.