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目的探讨围绝经期妇女膳食结构、绝经综合征发生率及相关因素。方法抽取就诊于山东省泰安市3家医院妇科门诊、年龄40～60岁、有子宫及一侧或双侧卵巢、有月经改变或有绝经期综合征表现的862名妇女为调查对象,采用自制调查表进行调查,使用改良Kupperman评分标准进行绝经症状评分,与《中国居民膳食指南(2007)》(以下简称《指南》)的标准相比较。结果月经情况:初潮年龄为(14.8±1.9)岁,绝经年龄为(49.2±4.8)岁;799人出现了≥1种绝经症状,占92.69%;Kupperman症状评分与绝经综合征症状得分直线相关分析结果均有相关性(P<0.05);围绝经期妇女膳食结构与《指南》相应项目比较,均不符合中国居民平衡膳食宝塔建议的推荐值。结论围绝经期妇女膳食结构不够合理,围绝经期综合征的发生与饮食习惯可能有关。
Objective To investigate the dietary structure, the incidence of menopause syndrome and its related factors in perimenopausal women. Methods Totally 862 women who had gynecological clinic, gynecology clinic of 3 hospitals in Tai’an City of Shandong Province, aged from 40 to 60 years, with uterus and one or both ovaries, with menstrual changes or with menopausal syndrome were selected as subjects. The questionnaire was surveyed and menopausal symptom scores were scored using the modified Kupperman scale as compared with the standard of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2007) (hereinafter referred to as the Guide). Results Menstrual status: The age of menarche was (14.8 ± 1.9) years and the age of menopause was (49.2 ± 4.8) years old. There were more than 1 kinds of menopausal symptoms in 799 persons, accounting for 92.69%. The score of Kupperman symptom was linearly correlated with that of menopausal syndrome (P <0.05). The dietary structure of perimenopausal women compared with the corresponding items in “Guide” did not meet the recommendations of Chinese residents balanced diet pagoda. Conclusion The dietary structure of perimenopausal women is not reasonable enough. The incidence of perimenopausal syndrome may be related to eating habits.