前言实验是物理学发展的基础。从历史上看,牛顿在物理学上的成就是建筑在惠更斯、开普勒和伽里略等人的实验基础上的,麦克斯韦的著名电磁场理论也是因为有库仑、安培和法拉第等人的实验工作。量子理论的提出和发展更是依赖于热辐射、光电效应和原子分立能级等 Preface Experiments are the basis for the development of physics. Historically, Newton’s achievements in physics were based on the experiments of Huygens, Kepler and Galileo, and Maxwell’s well-known theory of electromagnetic fields was due to Coulomb, Ampere and Faraday’s Experimental work. The introduction and development of quantum theory is more dependent on thermal radiation, photoelectric effect and atomic discrete levels