目的了解新疆阿克陶、乌恰两县严重的碘缺乏病现况及其对儿童的影响。方法按照东、西、南、北、中5个方位,各调查5个乡,每个乡选取120名8～10岁学龄儿童,进行甲状腺大小和尿碘含量的检测,甲状腺检查采用B超法,尿碘检测用过硫酸胺消化—砷铈催化分光光度测定法。结果两县共检测8～10岁儿童1245名,甲状腺肿大率为17.75%,测定尿样1205份,尿碘中位数为93.21μg/L,<50μg/L的占31.8%;<100μg/L的占51.5%。结论阿克陶、乌恰两县儿童碘缺乏病病情严重,碘营养严重不足,应因地制宜适时采取有效的、有针对性的补碘措施,以防止因碘缺乏而发生的各类损伤。 Objective To understand the serious iodine deficiency disorders and their effects on children in Aktau and Wuqia counties, Xinjiang. Methods According to the orientations of East, West, South, North and Central China, 120 children aged 8-10 years were enrolled in 5 townships and 5 villages in each township. Thyroid size and urinary iodine content were measured. Thyroid examination was performed by B-ultrasonography Determination of urinary iodine using ammonium persulfate digestion - Arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. Results A total of 1245 children aged 8-10 years were examined. The goiter rate was 17.75%. 1205 urine samples were obtained. The median urinary iodine was 93.21μg / L and 31.8% L accounted for 51.5%. Conclusions Children with iodine deficiency disorders in Akeotao and Wuqia counties are severely ill and their iodine nutrition is seriously inadequate. Effective and targeted iodine supplementation measures should be taken in time to prevent various types of injury due to iodine deficiency.