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嗅成神经细胞瘤的发病率为鼻腔肿瘤之3％。多认为来自嗅粘膜之神经上皮细胞,也可来自嗅基板、犁鼻器及蝶腭神经节。病理与交感神经节及视网膜的肿瘤相似,可能误诊为移行细胞癌、浆细胞瘤及低分化癌。大多数切片中可见神经上皮细胞瘤、成神经细胞瘤、神经细胞瘤3种成分。由于电镜见到瘤细胞的膜和胞浆中的神经分泌颗粒以及伴有神经微丝和神经微管的轴突被认定为神经瘤。年龄无特殊性。男女比率略少于2比1。X线相恒可见鼻腔肿块,鼻窦混浊,鲜有骨质破坏。本瘤生长缓慢,可侵及骨质及肌肉,罕见远处转移。手术复发率高,对放射高度敏感,一般认为手术加放疗,效果最好。例一:69岁男性,1966年1月因间歇性右鼻衄5～6年就诊。临床只可见右中甲下有息肉样
The incidence of olfactory neuroblastoma is 3% of nasal cavity tumors. Many think that the nerve epithelial cells from the olfactory mucosa can also come from the olfactory substrate, vomeronasal organ and sphenopalatine ganglion. The pathology is similar to that of sympathetic ganglia and retina, and may be misdiagnosed as transitional cell carcinoma, plasma cell neoplasm and poorly differentiated carcinoma. In most sections, there are three components: neuroepithelial neoplasia, neuroblastoma, and neuroblastoma. The neurosecretory granules in the membrane and cytoplasm of neoplastic cells and axons with neurofilaments and neural microtubules were identified as neuromas by electron microscopy. There is no special age. The ratio of men and women is slightly less than 2 to 1. X-ray showed constant nasal mass, sinus turbidity, and little bone destruction. The growth of this tumor is slow, it can invade bone and muscle, and rare distant metastasis. The recurrence rate is high, and it is highly sensitive to radiation. Generally speaking, surgery and radiotherapy are the best. Example 1: A 69-year-old man presented with intermittent right snoring for 5-6 years in January 1966. Clinically, only polyps in the right middle armor are visible.