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1913年6至8月,孙中山继辛亥革命之后发动的反对袁世凯独裁统治的战争,史称“讨袁之役”、“癸丑之役”,国民党称之为“二次革命”。 1913年3月,袁世凯在国会召开前夕,派人刺杀国民党代理事长宋教仁于上海车站。同年4月,袁世凯又与五国银行团非法签订二千五百万镑的所谓善后大借款,积极准备发动旨在消灭国民党的内战。对于袁世凯的步步进逼,孙中山坚决主张以武力进行反击,奈因党内意见分歧,迟至这年6月,当袁世凯悍然罢免国民党江西都督李烈钧(6月9日)、广东都督胡汉民(6月14日)及安徽都督柏文蔚(6月30日),并派兵南下时,始起兵讨袁。7月工2日李烈钧在江西湖口独立,15日黄兴在南京独立,18日陈炯明在广东独立,随后陈其美在上海进攻江南制造局,许崇智在福建、蒋翊武在湖南、熊克武在重庆,也先后率部分军队独立,兴师讨袁。在各地独立中,以李烈钧领导的江西独立和以黄
From June to August 1913, Sun Yat-sen launched the war against Yuan Shih-kai’s dictatorship following the 1911 Revolution. The history of the war was called “Battle of Yuan,” “Battle of Gui Chou,” and the so-called “Second Revolution” by the Kuomintang. In March 1913, on the eve of the congressional meeting, Yuan Shikai sent people to assassinate Song Jiaoren, acting chairman of the Kuomintang, at the Shanghai railway station. In April the same year, Yuan Shikai and the Five-State Bank Group illegally signed the so-called after-care big loan of 25 million pounds, and actively prepared to launch a civil war aimed at annihilating the Kuomintang. For Yuan Shikai’s step by step, Sun Yat-sen resolutely advocated the use of force to counterattack, and because of disagreements within the party, as late as June this year, when Yuan Shikai flagrantly removed the KMT Governor of Jiangxi Li Liejun (June 9), Guangdong captaincy Hu Hanmin June 14) and Duke of Anhui Wei Wen Wei (June 30), and sent troops south, began to seek troops to discuss Yuan. On July 2, Li Liejun was independent from Hukou in Jiangxi Province. Huang Xing was independent in Nanjing on the 15th and Chen Jiongming was independent in Guangdong on the 18th. Later, Chen Qimei attacked Jiangnan Bureau of Manufacturing in Shanghai, Xu Chongzhi in Fujian, Jiang Yiwu in Hunan and Xiong Kewu in Chongqing. Has the rate of some troops independent, Xing teacher discuss Yuan. In all areas of independence, Li Liejun led Jiangxi independence and yellow