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在吉林省的2个生态类型区布置种植密度试验,重点分析密度和生态因素对玉米产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:1)随着密度的增加,公主岭地区千粒重逐渐下降;而在桦甸地区,随着密度的增加产量显著增加,穗粒数下降;2个地区均以8万株/hm2的产量最高,分别为12 815和11 453kg/hm2。在同一个密度水平下,公主岭地区的产量和千粒重高于桦甸地区。2)生态因素对产量和千粒重的影响较大,对单位面积穗数和穗粒数的影响较小。产量、千粒重与积温呈显著正相关,说明热量条件不足是限制玉米产量和千粒重的主要因子。尤其是灌浆中期至成熟期的积温,保证这个阶段的积温是保证产量的关键,最适日均温为24.98℃。3)在高密度条件下(8万株/hm2),桦甸地区大喇叭口期至吐丝期的日照时数较高,有利于增加单位面积穗数。
Planting density tests were conducted in two ecotype areas in Jilin Province, with emphasis on the effects of density and ecological factors on corn yield and its components. The results showed that: 1) with the increase of density, the 1000-grain weight of Gongzhuling area decreased gradually; while in Huadian area, the yield increased significantly and the number of grains per ear decreased with the increase of density; the yield of 80,000 plants / hm2 in both areas was the highest , Respectively 12 815 and 11 453 kg / hm2. In the same density level, Gongzhuling output and grain weight is higher than Huadian area. 2) The ecological factors have a great influence on grain yield and 1000-grain weight, but have little effect on the number of spikes per panicle and grains per spike. There was a significant positive correlation between grain yield and 1000-grain weight and accumulated temperature, which indicated that insufficient heat condition was the main factor to limit corn yield and 1000-grain weight. Especially in the mid-grain filling temperature to maturity, to ensure that this stage is to ensure that the temperature is the key to yield, the optimum daily average temperature of 24.98 ℃. 3) Under high-density conditions (80,000 plants / hm2), the sunshine hours at the large bell stage to silking stage in Huadian area are higher, which is beneficial to increase the spikes per unit area.