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【目的】探讨结直肠手术全麻患者拔管时肌松药残余阻滞(RNMB)的发生率以及引发 RNMB 的因素和 RNMB 对患者术后拔管早期呼吸功能的影响。【方法】选择2013年1月至2014年5月在本院行择期结直肠手术全麻患者124例，术毕保留气管内导管转入麻醉后恢复室(PACU)，用4个成串刺激(TOF)监测肌松，按临床指征拔管并根据拔管后即刻测量的 TOF 值将患者分成非 RNMB 组(TOF>0.9)和 RNMB 组(TOF 0.7~0.9且 TOF<0.7)，记录引发 RNMB 发生率的相关因素以及对呼吸功能的影响。【结果】拔除气管内导管时 RNMB 发生率为62.9%。体质量指数(BMI)、肌松药种类、年龄是 RNMB 发生的影响因素(P <0.05)；RNMB 患者在咽部功能损伤发生率、低氧血症发生率、高碳酸血症发生率、拔管后10 min 的 FVC、FE-Vl、MVV 恢复程度与非 RNMB 组相比，均有显著差异(P 0.9)and muscle relaxants residual group (TOF0.7-0.9 + TOF <0.7),in accordance with TOF value measured immediately after extubation rel-evant trigger RNMB factors and the impact on the incidence of respiratory function were recorded.[Results]The incidence rate of RNMB at extubation was 62.9%.Body mass index (BMI),type of muscle relaxants and age were the influencing factors of RNMB(P <0.05);RNMB patients incidence of pharyngeal function injury ,hypoxemia,hypercapnia and FVC,FEVl,MVV 10 min recovery degree after extubation had significant difference compared with those of non RNMB group (P <0.05).[Conclusion]The incidence of RNMB was higher and BMI was higher in patients with colorectal surgery under general anesthesia.Long-term muscle re-laxants senior age were the influence factors of RNM.The early respiratory function was significantly impaired after extubation.