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欧盟国家援助制度旨在对成员国所给予的不公平的国家援助的预防,是欧盟竞争法的重要组成部分。立足于效率与公平,欧盟国家援助制度从实体和程序上都进行了系统的现代化改革与完善,不仅明确了国家援助的定义,完善了指南等规范性文件且设定了合理的成批豁免的框架、形式和范围;还确立了完整的国家援助审查、评估和申诉程序,发展并充分利用市场信息工具(MITs),规范对经济部门和援助措施的调查安排并建构事前申报和事后评估相结合的规制机制。欧盟国家援助制度解决的问题与中国竞争法所面临的产业政策制约问题存在诸多相似,在中国的竞争政策与产业政策的博弈中,应有效借鉴欧盟构架援助控制制度现代化的经验,为竞争政策和竞争法治的确立作出制度性支撑。
The EU system of aid is aimed at preventing unfair national aid given by member states and is an important part of EU competition law. Based on efficiency and fairness, the aid system of the EU countries systematically modernized and improved both entities and procedures. This not only clarified the definition of state aid, improved the normative documents such as guidelines, and set reasonable batch exemptions Frameworks, formats and scopes; complete national assistance review, assessment and appeals procedures, the development and full use of market information tools (MITs), the establishment of a survey of economic sectors and aid measures, and the combination of antecedent and ex post assessments Regulatory mechanism. The solution to the aid system of the EU countries is similar to that of the industrial policy constraints that China’s competition law faces. In the competition between China’s competition policy and industrial policy, it is necessary to draw lessons from the experience of the modernization of the aid control system in the EU framework effectively, The establishment of competition law ruled institutional support.