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上消化道是指食道、胃、十二指肠而言。这些部位出血即为上消化道出血。其主要临床表现为呕血和黑便。一般黑便见于100％的上消化道出血的病人。但呕血不是上消化道出血病人都能出现的。上消化道出血病人中,只有50％出现呕血。但食道静脉曲张破裂出血的病人中,90％以上出现呕血。其呕出的血多为鲜红色,且呕血凶猛,如上消化道出血急、量大、出血部位高(幽门以上部位出血),多出现呕血。出血部位低(幽门以下部位出血),则以黑便为主。如有一次或数次黑便或便潜血阳性,数日内即停止,临床上无其他明显表现者,称为上消化道出血。在并有周围循环改变时,头晕、心悸、多汗、肢冷、尿少、血压下降、脉压减小、脉搏增快而且弱,即并有休克者,则称为上消化道大出血。
Upper gastrointestinal tract refers to the esophagus, stomach, duodenum in terms of. These parts of the bleeding is upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The main clinical manifestations of hematemesis and melena. Generally seen in black 100% of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. However, hematemesis is not upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients can appear. Only 50% of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding have hematemesis. However, bleeding esophageal varices in patients, more than 90% vomiting. The vomit blood is mostly bright red, and vomiting blood ferocious, such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding urgency, a large amount of bleeding site (pyloric bleeding above the site), and more vomiting. Bleeding site is low (pylorus following bleeding), then black will be the main. If there is one or several times black or fecal occult positive, within a few days to stop, no other clinical manifestations, known as upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In and around the cycle changes, dizziness, palpitations, sweating, cold limbs, oliguria, decreased blood pressure, pulse pressure decreases, the pulse faster and weaker, that is, and those with shock, is called upper gastrointestinal bleeding.