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本文认为,按劳分配的基本原理一旦同社会主义的具体实践相结合,必将推动按劳分配理论本身的向前发展。全民所有制内部的按劳分配,究竟是社会直接对劳动者个人实行单一层次的分配,还是先集体、后个人实行两个层次的分配,是实践提出来的一个基本理论问题。从理论上正确解决这个问题,也等于抓住了实践按劳分配原则的“纲”。作者主张全民所有制内部的按劳分配是两层次的按劳分配,认为这在理论上和实践上都有充分的依据,并对学术界的几种主要不同意见进行评论。作者还根据推行经济责任制过程中对奖金分配进行改革的成功经验,提出了两层次按劳分配模式的设想。
This article argues that once the basic principle of distribution according to work is integrated with the concrete practice of socialism, it is bound to promote the development of the theory of distribution according to work. Allocation within the ownership of the people according to work within the ownership of the people is a basic theoretical issue put forward by the practice whether the society should directly allocate workers to individuals at a single level or allocate the two groups at a collective level and individuals afterwards. To correctly solve this issue in theory is also equivalent to grasping the “principle” of practicing the principle of distribution according to work. The author argues that the distribution according to work within the ownership of the people is based on two levels of distribution according to work and holds that there are sufficient grounds both in theory and in practice. The author also comments on several major disagreements in academia. Based on the successful experience of reforming the bonus distribution in the process of implementing the economic responsibility system, the author also put forward the idea of a two-level distribution according to work model.