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目的了解近年来深圳市各种食品中铅、镉的污染水平,评估居民的膳食暴露量。方法于2007-2008年通过食品污染物监测网络,随机采集市售的主要食品品种,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定各类食品中铅、镉含量,采用点评估的方式,计算居民的实际摄入量水平。根据FAO/WHO食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)推荐的暂定每周可耐受摄入量(PTW I)及每人每天耐受摄入量(PTD I),评价深圳市居民膳食摄入铅、镉的安全性。结果2007—2008年分别采集900、1 153份食品检测铅含量,铅含量超标率分别为5.67%、5.81%,在各类食品中平均检出值较高的是水产品,分别为0.18、0.21 mg/kg。2007、2008年分别采集831、1 048份食品检测镉含量,镉含量超标率分别为9.39%、8.49%,其中水产品超标率最高,分别为21.57%(66/306)、29.43%(78/265)。2007年和2008年深圳市居民食品中铅每人每天的摄入量分别为63.3和84.2μg,占JECFA推荐的PTD I的29.5%和39.3%。2007和2008年深圳市居民食品中镉每人每天的摄入量分别为46.4和68.0μg,分别占PTD I的77.4%和113.3%。结论目前深圳市居民食品中铅的摄入量是安全的,但镉的膳食暴露量问题较严重,应该加强相关产品中镉的监测及膳食指导工作。
Objective To understand the pollution levels of lead and cadmium in various foods in Shenzhen in recent years and evaluate the dietary exposure of residents. Methods The food contaminants monitoring network was used in 2007-2008 to randomly collect the main food varieties for sale and determine the contents of lead and cadmium in all kinds of food by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Intake levels. According to the tentative weekly tolerable intake (PTW I) and per daily tolerable intake (PTD I) recommended by the Joint FAO / WHO Committee of Experts on Food Additives (JECFA), the dietary intake of lead and cadmium Security. Results A total of 900,1 153 food samples of lead were collected during 2007-2008. The over-standard lead contents were 5.67% and 5.81%, respectively. The highest average detected value of all kinds of food was aquatic products, 0.18 and 0.21 mg / kg. In 2007 and 2008 respectively, 831 and 1 048 food samples were collected for cadmium detection. The over-standard rates of cadmium content were 9.39% and 8.49%, respectively, of which aquatic products exceeded the highest standards by 21.57% and 29.43%, respectively, 265). In 2007 and 2008, the daily intake of lead in food of Shenzhen residents were 63.3 and 84.2 μg respectively, accounting for 29.5% and 39.3% of the JECFA recommended PTD I. In 2007 and 2008, the daily intake of cadmium in food of residents in Shenzhen was 46.4 and 68.0 μg, accounting for 77.4% and 113.3% of PTD I, respectively. Conclusion At present, the intake of lead in food of Shenzhen residents is safe, but the problem of dietary exposure to cadmium is more serious. Cadmium monitoring and dietary guidance in related products should be strengthened.