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目的探讨山丘型血吸虫病流行区残存钉螺分布、消长规律及影响因素,为有效控制和消除残存钉螺提供科学依据。方法收集1994~2005年黄山市螺情监测数据和气温、降雨量等气象资料,分析残存钉螺分布特点、相互关系;选择有残存钉螺环境现场观察螺口消长和钉螺繁殖状况;选择2001~2005年施行药物灭螺的20个螺点,现场观察土表、土内钉螺分布情况和药物灭螺对残存钉螺的作用。结果1994~2005年螺情资料显示,残存钉螺主要分布在历史疫情较重的区(县)和复杂环境,查出的有螺环境数和有螺面积与历史有螺面积分布密切相关(r点=0.984、r面积=0.962,P均<0.01);年降雨量和3~5月降雨量对逐年查出的有螺环境数呈负相关(r年降雨=-0.618,r3~5月降雨=-0.590,P均<0.05);残存钉螺交配率最高达13.18%;药物灭螺对土表、土内残存钉螺杀灭效果显著。结论山丘型血吸虫病传播阻断地区螺情回升与历史螺情及环境有关;残存钉螺繁殖能力较强;加强历史有螺区药物灭螺可有效控制钉螺回升。
Objective To investigate the distribution, growth and decay of snails in endemic areas of schistosomiasis and provide scientific basis for the effective control and elimination of surviving snails. Methods The meteorological data of snail and the temperature and rainfall in the city of Huangshan from 1994 to 2005 were collected to analyze the distribution characteristics and relationships of the surviving snails. The snail population growth and snail reproduction status were observed on the scene of surviving snail. The implementation of drug snail screw 20 points on the spot to observe the soil surface, soil snail distribution and drug snail on the remaining snail role. Results The snail data from 1994 to 2005 showed that the surviving snails were mainly distributed in the districts and counties with heavy historical epidemics and the complex environment. The numbers of snails and snails were closely related to the distribution of snail area (r point = 0.984, r area = 0.962, P <0.01). The annual rainfall and rainfall from March to May were negatively correlated with the number of spirographies detected annually (r = -0.618, r = -0.590, P <0.05). The copulation rate of surviving snails was up to 13.18%. The killing effect of snail on the surface and soil of surviving snails was remarkable. Conclusions The snail recovery in the blocking area of hill-type schistosomiasis is related to the historical snail and the environment; the survival ability of surviving snails is stronger;